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As America wraps up the Roaring Twenties, the nation must decide who shall lead into the 1930s. Play as Herbert Hoover or Al Smith!
\", \"summary\": \"As America wraps up the Roaring Twenties, the nation must decide who shall lead into the 1930s. Republicans have been the dominant party of the decade, and the expectation is Republicans shall retain that mantle.
Herbert Hoover and the Issue of Race [DOWNLOAD]
HERBERT HOOVER: CAMPAIGNS AND ELECTIONS
Female Voters and the “Rum and Religion” Election of 1928 - J. Kevin Corder and Christina Wolbrecht
Some Recent Interpretations of the Election of 1928 - Richard L. Watson, Jr.
Note - this is not everything I read, since I added this months later.
Thank you to the writers...
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Herbet Hoover has long been talked up as a Presidential candidate, and it appears now is his opportunity. With President Coolidge out of the race, Hoover has been seen as the easy frontrunner for the Republican nomination, although there was some grumbling opposition as he easily claimed the nomination at the convention in Kansas City. Hoover is a popular figure, even considered a national celebrity, due to his humanitarian works during and after the Great War.
Although Hoover is likely to coast to victory, his campaign should not get complacent. Hoover must ensure his rivals for the nomination are on board, and may look to extent his electoral victory into the south - which may mean fanning the flames to attacks on Al Smith's Catholic faith.
\", \"color_hex\": \"#FF4949\", \"secondary_color_hex\": \"#FFA0A0\", \"is_active\": 1, \"image_url\": \"https://itsastronomical.com/assets/1928/hoover.png\", \"electoral_victory_message\": \"After the tumultuous 1912, the natural supremacy of the Republican Party has reasserted itself. The next steps are up to you -- perhaps you can lead the repeal of the Adamson Act, or replace it with something more measured and comprehensive. In regards to Europe, best of luck in whatever may occur over the next four years. Finally, Wilson plans to resign before your March 4th inauguration, so that you might assume the office now.
\", \"electoral_loss_message\": \"Ultimately, the popularity of Woodrow Wilson was just a little much to overcome.
It appears that Wilson's agenda will remain in effect domestically. In world affairs, it remains to be seen how the situation in Europe will finally resolve itself. As to your own prospects, it is unclear what your next steps will be. The Supreme Court seat you once enjoyed has now been lost for the foreseeable future.
\", \"no_electoral_majority_message\": \"Elections for Congress have also resulted in an even split among members, and it is extremely unclear who might ultimately win this election. Best of luck in what is sure to be a contentious process.
\", \"description_as_running_mate\": \"'\", \"candidate_score\": 1.0}},{\"model\": \"campaign_trail.candidate\", \"pk\": 142, \"fields\": {\"first_name\": \"Al\", \"last_name\": \"Smith\", \"election\": 14, \"party\": \"Democrat\", \"state\": \"New York\", \"priority\": 1, \"description\": \"Al Smith is the incumbent Governor of New York, a rather large state, and a must-win for a Democrat. Most Democrats have sat out this election, not believing victory was in reach. Due to this, Smith was easily nominated at the convention, but has amassed controversy for his 'wet' stance on Prohibition. Just as troubling, Al Smith's Catholicism will garner much controversy in the traditionally 'Solid South', a region he cannot afford to lose.
This sort of situation leaves no room for error. Smith must attempt to claw back support in the South, while ensuring that potential gains made with Catholics are not erased by the economic prosperity under Republicans. This seems like a perhaps impossible hurdle to overcome.
\", \"color_hex\": \"#0F4392\", \"secondary_color_hex\": \"#90C0FF\", \"is_active\": 1, \"image_url\": \"https://itsastronomical.com/assets/1928/smith.png\", \"electoral_victory_message\": \"In spite of a hard-fought challenge from Charles Evans Hughes, you have held on to the Presidency.
On the domestic front, it appears that your support of labor and progressivism has been rewarded. Internationally, let's all hope that fears of war with Germany prove to be unfounded.
\", \"electoral_loss_message\": \"Maybe 1912 was just an anomaly, brought about by Roosevelt's grandstanding. It has been over 20 years since the Democrats defeated a united Republican Party, and that advantage shows no sign of abating.
On the domestic front, let's hope that your achievements survive. Internationally, no one can say what might happen next. In a novel move, you have offered to do your part by resigning immediately, rather than waiting until March 4th.
\", \"no_electoral_majority_message\": \"Elections for Congress have also resulted in an even split among members, and it is extremely unclear who might ultimately win this election. Best of luck in what is sure to be a contentious process.
\", \"description_as_running_mate\": \"'\", \"candidate_score\": 1.0}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.candidate\", \"pk\": 144, \"fields\": {\"first_name\": \"Norman\", \"last_name\": \"Thomas\", \"election\": 14, \"party\": \"Socialist\", \"state\": \"Michigan\", \"priority\": 3, \"description\": \"'\", \"color_hex\": \"#8B0000\", \"secondary_color_hex\": \"#A1FFA1\", \"is_active\": 0, \"image_url\": \"'\", \"electoral_victory_message\": \"'\", \"electoral_loss_message\": \"'\", \"no_electoral_majority_message\": \"'\", \"description_as_running_mate\": \"'\", \"candidate_score\": 1.0}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.candidate\", \"pk\": 145, \"fields\": {\"first_name\": \"William F.\", \"last_name\": \"Varney\", \"election\": 14, \"party\": \"Prohibition\", \"state\": \"Indiana\", \"priority\": 4, \"description\": \"'\", \"color_hex\": \"#FF00FF\", \"secondary_color_hex\": \"#FFFFC0\", \"is_active\": 0, \"image_url\": \"'\", \"electoral_victory_message\": \"'\", \"electoral_loss_message\": \"'\", \"no_electoral_majority_message\": \"'\", \"description_as_running_mate\": \"'\", \"candidate_score\": 1.0}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.candidate\", \"pk\": 146, \"fields\": {\"first_name\": \"Joseph T.\", \"last_name\": \"Robinson\", \"election\": 14, \"party\": \"Democrat\", \"state\": \"Arkansas\", \"priority\": 5, \"description\": \"'\", \"color_hex\": \"#0000FF\", \"secondary_color_hex\": \"#90C0FF\", \"is_active\": 0, \"image_url\": \"https://itsastronomical.com/assets/1928/robinson.png\", \"electoral_victory_message\": \"'\", \"electoral_loss_message\": \"'\", \"no_electoral_majority_message\": \"'\", \"description_as_running_mate\": \"Joseph T. Robinson is a Senator from Arkansas, and is likely to be picked by the convention as a compromise candidate, due to some of Al Smith's more unorthodox stances. He certainly will help hold the solid Arkansas, and may provide assurances to the South that Smith will not be too out-of-line as a Democrat. Robinson has been known to defend Smith against attacks on his religion from Senator Heflin and is willing to be on the ticket with Smith.
The main problem with him on the ticket may be how opposite Smith and Robinson are on many stances compared to him, but perhaps they can work this to their benefit?
\", \"candidate_score\": 0.0}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.candidate\", \"pk\": 147, \"fields\": {\"first_name\": \"Alben W.\", \"last_name\": \"Barkley\", \"election\": 14, \"party\": \"Democrat\", \"state\": \"Kentucky\", \"priority\": 6, \"description\": \"'\", \"color_hex\": \"#0000FF\", \"secondary_color_hex\": \"#90C0FF\", \"is_active\": 0, \"image_url\": \"https://itsastronomical.com/assets/1928/barkley.png\", \"electoral_victory_message\": \"'\", \"electoral_loss_message\": \"'\", \"no_electoral_majority_message\": \"'\", \"description_as_running_mate\": \"Alben Barkley is the newcomer Senator from Kentucky. While it is unlikely he has enough influence to move the state over into the Democratic column, his newcomer status could perhaps help Smith emphasize his anti-corruption stances, which is important given his past ties to Tammany Hall.
The Kentucky delegation is also seriously pushing for his nomination as Vice President, and Smith already seem to be having some trouble keeping the Texas delegation in line, so matters should not be made even worse. Barkley is still a southerner, although Kentucky is not really 'dixie' like Robinson's Arkansas is.
\", \"candidate_score\": 0.0}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.candidate\", \"pk\": 11, \"fields\": {\"first_name\": \"Nellie Tayloe\", \"last_name\": \"Ross\", \"election\": 14, \"party\": \"Democrat\", \"state\": \"Wyoming\", \"priority\": 6, \"description\": \"'\", \"color_hex\": \"#0000FF\", \"secondary_color_hex\": \"#90C0FF\", \"is_active\": 0, \"image_url\": \"https://itsastronomical.com/assets/1928/ross.png\", \"electoral_victory_message\": \"'\", \"electoral_loss_message\": \"'\", \"no_electoral_majority_message\": \"'\", \"description_as_running_mate\": \"Nellie Tayloe Ross is a former Governor of Wyoming. Her brief but interesting tenure saw her support a variety of progressive policies such as government assistance for farmers and laws protecting female workers. Although she supports prohibition, she has been pushed by some delegates as a potential compromise candidate to gain support from the West, and the 'dry' regions.
Of course, being the first female Vice Presidential nominee, there are plenty of hurdles but some unique benefits by selecting her to join Smith's ticket. Given the difficult situation he's already in, perhaps the publicity is a good thing?
\", \"candidate_score\": 0.0}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.candidate\", \"pk\": 148, \"fields\": {\"first_name\": \"Charles\", \"last_name\": \"Curtis\", \"election\": 14, \"party\": \"Republican\", \"state\": \"Kansas\", \"priority\": 7, \"description\": \"'\", \"color_hex\": \"#FF0000\", \"secondary_color_hex\": \"#FFA0A0\", \"is_active\": 0, \"image_url\": \"https://itsastronomical.com/assets/1928/curtis.png\", \"electoral_victory_message\": \"'\", \"electoral_loss_message\": \"'\", \"no_electoral_majority_message\": \"'\", \"description_as_running_mate\": \"Charles Curtis is the Senate Majority Leader, and a former rival for the nomination. His nomination bid is likely to be placed by Senator Borah, who demands that a western Republican is picked for Hoover's running mate. Curtis is more conservative than Hoover, however, and does not seem to be fond of him personally. He will, however, campaign for the ticket heavily if he is selected as the Vice Presidential nomination, which could play well with Hoover's more restrained style.
Curtis would be the first mixed Vice President, as he is of Native American ancestry. This may hurt Hoover in parts of the South, but can be offset by Smith's own problems in that region if he plays his cards correctly. Overall, Curtis would help Hoover appeal to conservatives and farmers, two voting blocs he will need to win.
\", \"candidate_score\": 0.0}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.candidate\", \"pk\": 149, \"fields\": {\"first_name\": \"Reed\", \"last_name\": \"Smoot\", \"election\": 14, \"party\": \"Republican\", \"state\": \"Utah\", \"priority\": 8, \"description\": \"'\", \"color_hex\": \"#FF0000\", \"secondary_color_hex\": \"#FFA0A0\", \"is_active\": 0, \"image_url\": \"https://itsastronomical.com/assets/1928/smoot.png\", \"electoral_victory_message\": \"'\", \"electoral_loss_message\": \"'\", \"no_electoral_majority_message\": \"'\", \"description_as_running_mate\": \"Reed Smoot is another potential Vice Presidential nominee for Hoover. A westerner, he would satisfy Borah's demand for a westerner on the ticket. He would also help in his home state of Utah, a state which Democrats look to win with their 'wet' Presidential candidate. Hoover and Smoot also have a much better working relationship than Charles Curtis.
Of course, his history with the Reed Smoot hearings, and past prejudice amongst Mormons among Americans could be enough to make this race somewhat competitive. His strong ties to the Republican National Convention could, however, help Hoover mend fences with some disgruntled Republican leaders, but his advisors are unsure if it is worth picking Smoot.
\", \"candidate_score\": 0.0}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.candidate\", \"pk\": 150, \"fields\": {\"first_name\": \"George\", \"last_name\": \"Kirkpatrick\", \"election\": 14, \"party\": \"Socialist\", \"state\": \"Ohio\", \"priority\": 9, \"description\": \"'\", \"color_hex\": \"#00C100\", \"secondary_color_hex\": \"#A1FFA1\", \"is_active\": 0, \"image_url\": \"'\", \"electoral_victory_message\": \"'\", \"electoral_loss_message\": \"'\", \"no_electoral_majority_message\": \"'\", \"description_as_running_mate\": \"'\", \"candidate_score\": 0.0}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.candidate\", \"pk\": 151, \"fields\": {\"first_name\": \"Ira\", \"last_name\": \"Lendrith\", \"election\": 14, \"party\": \"Prohibition\", \"state\": \"Indiana\", \"priority\": 10, \"description\": \"'\", \"color_hex\": \"#FFFF00\", \"secondary_color_hex\": \"#FFFFC0\", \"is_active\": 0, \"image_url\": \"'\", \"electoral_victory_message\": \"'\", \"electoral_loss_message\": \"'\", \"no_electoral_majority_message\": \"'\", \"description_as_running_mate\": \"'\", \"candidate_score\": 0.0}}]"); campaignTrail_temp.running_mate_json = JSON.parse("[{\"model\": \"campaign_trail.running_mate\", \"pk\": 94, \"fields\": {\"candidate\": 143, \"running_mate\": 148}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.running_mate\", \"pk\": 92, \"fields\": {\"candidate\": 142, \"running_mate\": 146}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.running_mate\", \"pk\": 999, \"fields\": {\"candidate\": 142, \"running_mate\": 147}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.running_mate\", \"pk\": 99, \"fields\": {\"candidate\": 142, \"running_mate\": 11}}, {\"model\": \"campaign_trail.running_mate\", \"pk\": 95, \"fields\": {\"candidate\": 143, \"running_mate\": 149}}]"); campaignTrail_temp.opponents_default_json = JSON.parse("[{\"election\": 21, \"candidates\": [302, 303, 301, 300]},{\"election\": 20, \"candidates\": [201, 202, 203, 200]},{\"election\": 16, \"candidates\": [167, 168, 166, 165]},{\"election\": 3, \"candidates\": [19, 18, 17, 16]},{\"election\": 9, \"candidates\": [77, 78, 79, 80]},{\"election\": 15, \"candidates\": [154, 155, 152, 153]},{\"election\": 10, \"candidates\": [93, 94, 91, 92]},{\"election\": 4, \"candidates\": [25, 24, 23]},{\"election\": 11, \"candidates\": [107, 105, 106]},{\"election\": 12, \"candidates\": [116, 118, 119, 117]},{\"election\": 14, \"candidates\": [143, 145, 144, 142]},{\"election\": 5, \"candidates\": [22, 20, 21]},{\"election\": 8, \"candidates\": [69, 70, 67, 68]},{\"election\": 13, \"candidates\": [133, 134, 132, 131]}]"); campaignTrail_temp.opponents_weighted_json = JSON.parse("[{\"election\": 21, \"candidates\": [300, 301, 302, 303]},{\"election\": 20, \"candidates\": [201, 200, 202, 203]},{\"election\": 16, \"candidates\": [165, 166, 167, 168]},{\"election\": 3, \"candidates\": [16, 17, 18, 19]},{\"election\": 9, \"candidates\": [78, 77, 79, 80]},{\"election\": 15, \"candidates\": [153, 152, 154, 155]},{\"election\": 10, \"candidates\": [91, 92, 93]},{\"election\": 4, \"candidates\": [24, 25]},{\"election\": 11, \"candidates\": [105, 106, 107]},{\"election\": 12, \"candidates\": [116, 117, 118, 119]},{\"election\": 14, \"candidates\": [142, 143, 144, 145]},{\"election\": 5, \"candidates\": [21, 20, 22]},{\"election\": 8, \"candidates\": [68, 67, 69, 70]},{\"election\": 13, \"candidates\": [131, 134, 132, 133]}]"); campaignTrail_temp.global_parameter_json = JSON.parse("[{\"model\": \"campaign_trail.global_parameter\", \"pk\": 1, \"fields\": {\"vote_variable\": 1.125, \"max_swing\": 0.25, \"start_point\": 0.96, \"candidate_issue_weight\": 10.0, \"running_mate_issue_weight\": 3.0, \"issue_stance_1_max\": -0.71, \"issue_stance_2_max\": -0.3, \"issue_stance_3_max\": -0.125, \"issue_stance_4_max\": 0.125, \"issue_stance_5_max\": 0.3, \"issue_stance_6_max\": 0.71, \"global_variance\": 0.01, \"state_variance\": 0.005, \"question_count\": 25, \"default_map_color_hex\": \"#C9C9C9\", \"no_state_map_color_hex\": \"#999999\"}}]"); campaignTrail_temp.candidate_dropout_json = JSON.parse("[{\"model\": \"campaign_trail.candidate_dropout\", \"pk\": 1, \"fields\": {\"candidate\": 36, \"affected_candidate\": 18, \"probability\": 1.0}}]"); campaignTrail_temp.temp_election_list = [{"id": 14, "year": 1916, "is_premium": 0, "display_year": "1928"}]; campaignTrail_temp.show_premium = true; campaignTrail_temp.premier_ab_test_version = -1; campaignTrail_temp.credits = '